While most of us are familiar with wheelchairs and how much they can benefit older adults, few of us know that there are several types, and each one is adapted to the needs of a specific person.
As we move into old age and our bodies lose strength, in the case of an accident or surgery, wheelchairs can become indispensable tools.
Some wheelchairs are very light, making them easy to transport, while others are more resistant and can support a greater weight. You can also find a power wheelchair with lift assist to give older people more autonomy and independence.
However, with so many alternatives available, how can we choose the right one? Here is a short guide to help you make the best decision.
Needs Assessment
The first step in choosing a wheelchair for an older adult is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the user’s needs. Consider the type of disability, the user’s strength, lifestyle, and the primary use for which the chair will be used (indoor, outdoor, sports). Health professionals on the like of occupational therapists or physical therapists, can offer invaluable guidance at this stage.
The Common Types of Wheelchairs for Seniors
Manual wheelchairs
These are the most common and are usually designed for home use or for specific periods of time. However, older adults who use these models must have enough strength to sit up and maneuver or need someone to operate the traditional wheelchair entirely.
Electric wheelchairs
There are also electric versions that allow older adults to move around more independently. These models are perfect for those who need to make long journeys or move frequently.
Some electric wheelchairs can be controlled by a caregiver or family member using remote controls. Therefore, they do not require the user to make any kind of physical effort.
Aluminum Wheelchairs
Depending on the material they are made of, wheelchairs can vary in design and strength. Aluminum, for example, is lighter, making these models easier to move or transport.
Thanks to their lightweight aluminum frame, these wheelchairs are ideal for transfers or for users who expect to maneuver them themselves.
Steel Wheelchairs
There are also some wheelchairs made of steel. This material is more robust, so these designs are usually more durable and stable. They are the best options for those looking for a model with a large capacity in terms of body weight.
Folding Wheelchairs
Other models of wheelchairs that we can find are the folding ones. These are ideal for people who live in small spaces or need to store their mobility aids to be more comfortable.
Folding wheelchairs are also transportable, making them excellent options for those who need to move from one place to another frequently, go to appointments regularly, or are enrolled in certain activities and must use the car.
Self-Propelled Wheelchairs
These models have very large wheels with rims that allow users to use the strength of their arms to roll the chair and move.
While self-propelled wheelchairs are not very common among older adults, their design makes them ideal for long-distance travel, as they cushion the jolt of rolling over uneven terrain.
Transfer Wheelchairs
These wheelchairs have been specifically designed to transport elderly people within specific spaces or over short distances.
However, these models are only suitable for commuting and not for home use. They should not be used for sitting for hours.
Ergonomically Designed Wheelchairs
Unlike the previous ones, these wheelchairs have an ergonomic design that is made for those who must spend several hours sitting.
Typically, these models have accessories for maximum comfort, including elevating footrests, headrests, neck and lumbar pillows, flip-up armrests, reclining backrests, and more. These wheelchairs are also usually wider and heavier.
Positioning Wheelchairs
These types of chairs have been designed so that users can adopt different positions, which relieves the pressure they may feel if they have to spend many hours sitting.
In addition, these wheelchairs, also known as multi-position wheelchairs, make it easier to care for the elderly. Some even allow users to stand up.
Reclining Wheelchairs
These designs have a high backrest that can be tilted manually or electrically, allowing users to sit more comfortably or change posture. They also make caregiving easier, such as changing clothes or putting on shoes.
Tilting Wheelchairs
Unlike reclining wheelchairs, where the frame remains stationary and only the backrest reclines, tilt wheelchairs tilt completely backward.
This type of chair does not open the hip angle when users lean their body back, allowing for better posture control and providing more comfort. They are perfect for those who have suffered spinal cord injuries or have trouble changing positions while sitting.
Bariatric Wheelchairs
This type of wheelchair is ideal for larger people who have mobility problems when they reach a certain weight. These wheelchairs are generally made from sturdier materials and have wider seats for added comfort.
Fit and Comfort
Comfort is crucial in a wheelchair, especially for older adults. Make sure the seat, backrest, and armrests are adjustable and padded. Proper ergonomics are essential to avoid additional problems, such as pressure sores or spinal deviations.
Accessibility and Maneuverability
Think of the environment in which the chair will be used most frequently. Wheelchairs should be versatile enough to maneuver indoors and sturdy enough to overcome outdoor obstacles such as curbs or uneven terrain.
Special Care for Wheelchair Users in Older Adults
For senior parents, wheelchair selection and maintenance require special attention to several additional factors to ensure their well-being and safety. Fragile bones and reduced ability to recover from injuries make comfort and protection even more critical. Selecting a chair with good postural support, including high-quality seat cushions that prevent pressure ulcers, a common problem in older people with reduced mobility, is essential.
Additionally, wheelchairs for seniors should be easy to use, with simple and accessible controls, especially if they are electric. Brakes should be robust and easy to activate, as hand strength may be diminished. The chair should also be light enough to be maneuvered by a caregiver without difficulty in case the senior does not have enough strength to self-propel.
Conclusion
Choosing the right wheelchair is a decision that directly impacts the autonomy and quality of life of the elderly user. By considering these key factors and seeking the advice of professionals and specialized organizations, users and their families can find a solution that optimally fits their needs and allows them to lead a fuller and more active life.